O presente artigo pretende traçar alguns aspectos concernentes à importância do conceito de coração na mística Islâmica (sufismo), tendo como base a obra de Rumi, intitulada Masnavi. O coração, como conceito técnico no sufismo, possui uma gama vasta de significados que compõem como que um mosaico para a apreensão do conhecimento místico. Purificar o coração é torná-lo órgão de recepção dos mistérios do Amado, é purgá-lo de tudo aquilo que obscureça o conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Masnavi; Rumi; Coração; Teofania; Metaconhecimento; Mística islâmica; (...) Sufismo. ABSTRACT The present article aims at tracing some aspects on the importance of the concept of heart in Mystical Islamism (Sufism), using as the foundation the work of Rãm§, entitled Masnavi. The heart, as a technical concept in Sufism, possesses a vast range of meanings which compose it as a mosaic to be apprehended in mystical knowledge. Through the purification of the heart, it becomes the organ for receiving the mysteries of the Loved One, and it is purged of all that darkens knowledge. Key words: Masnavi; Rumi; Heart; Theophany; Aim knowledge; Mystical islamism; Sufism. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem como fio condutor mostrar a importância dos profetas e dos santos no Masnavi de Rumi – místico da tradição Islâmica Sufi, nascido em Vakhsh, nas cercanias de Balkh atual Afeganistão, em 1207. Para Rumi os profetas e santos são instrumentos de comunicação entre Deus e suas criaturas. Muito além de figuras históricas, profetas e santos atualizam a mensagem e trazem para o mundo fenomênico os sutis influxos do numinoso. O presente estudo parte da linhagem de Adão (...) e passando pelos diversos profetas comuns às tradições monoteístas culmina com a figura de Mohammad. Da mesma maneira, os santos que a tradição islâmica celebra como pontes entre os mundos e mensageiros que atualizam a mensagem divina têm para Rumi a força de serem enviados que podem ser vistos e ouvidos sintetizando os ensinamentos eternos em vivências temporais atualizadas. Para Rumi a importância dos profetas e dos santos se revela nos traços marcantes que cada um deles adquire e que os reveste como enviados e amigos de Deus, pontes atualizadas de uma mensagem eterna e perene. Por este motivo, Rumi concita cada discípulo e crente a escutar a mensagem dos profetas e a visitar os santos a fim de atualizar os segredos teofânicos de Deus. (shrink)

As cidades brasileiras contemporâneas possuem espaços que ora privilegiam a realização de negócios e ora a construção de cidadania. Para compreender como são ocupados destes modos se faz necessário analisar as cidades; desde sua definição, passando pelo contexto político e econômico, para então compreender seu aspecto social. Assim, este artigo busca compreender se e em que medida as características dos espaços públicos impactam no processo de construção de cidadania. Analisando por meio de observação flutuante dois espaços públicos que são duas (...) praças urbanas centrais, localizadas em duas cidades no mesmo contexto metropolitanos. Perpassa-se pelo debate regional com o intuito de evidenciar que os conflitos são equivalentes nas diversas escalas; contudo a demonstração do contexto da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte/SP, objetiva tornar evidente que as estruturas físicas locais, dos espaços públicos urbanos centrais não direcionam as relações sociais e suas disputas, mas são um meio e resultado dessas. (shrink)

Con el avance de las tecnologías digitales, es fundamental que los canales de comunicación de los organismos gubernamentales estén respaldados por mecanismos que garanticen a los ciudadanos un acceso eficiente a la información deseada. En los sitios web institucionales, la organización del contenido juega un papel crucial para garantizar la accesibilidad a la información y promover una democracia más participativa. Se trata de un estudio que analiza la estructura de navegación del sitio web de la Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa (...) do Estado de Alagoas (Fapeal), utilizando principios de arquitectura de la información para evaluar criterios de accesibilidad y transparencia. (shrink)

Estudo histórico-crítico sobre a relação entre Direito, Educação e Política, desenvolvido a partir de fontes teóricas do Brasil e de Portugal sobre o tema da Educação em Direitos Humanos. Investiga as origens econômicas, políticas e sociais identitárias dos Estados brasileiro e português, a partir da intrínseca relação existente entre o processo de colonização e a contraditória transformação das sociedades nos respectivos períodos de redemocratização, alcançados no final do século XX. Apresenta a luta pelos Direitos Humanos, no Brasil e em Portugal, (...) através de mediações institucionais e acadêmicas. Destaca a pesquisa em Direitos Humanos como promissora prática social nos dois países. (shrink)

This article addresses the following problems: What is a mechanism, how can it be discovered, and what is the role of the knowledge of mechanisms in scientific explanation and technological control? The proposed answers are these. A mechanism is one of the processes in a concrete system that makes it what it is — for example, metabolism in cells, interneuronal connections in brains, work in factories and offices, research in laboratories, and litigation in courts of law. Because mechanisms are largely (...) or totally imperceptible, they must be conjectured. Once hypothesized they help explain, because a deep scientific explanation is an answer to a question of the form, "How does it work, that is, what makes it tick—what are its mechanisms?" Thus, by contrast with the subsumption of particulars under a generalization, an explanation proper consists in unveiling some lawful mechanism, as when political stability is explained by either coercion, public opinion manipulation, or democratic participation. Finding mechanisms satisfies not only the yearning for understanding, but also the need for control. Key Words: explanation • function • mechanism • process • system • systemism. (shrink)

Working in Germany between the two world wars, John Heartfield developed an innovative method of appropriating and reusing photographs to powerful political effect. As a pioneer of modern photomontage, he sliced up mass media photos with his iconic scissors and then reassembled the fragments into compositions that utterly transformed the meaning of the originals. In John Heartfield and the Agitated Image, Andrés Mario Zervigón explores this crucial period in the life and work of a brilliant, radical artist whose desire (...) to disclose the truth obscured by the mainstream press and imperial propaganda made him a de facto prosecutor of Germany’s visual culture. Zervigón charts the evolution of Heartfield’s photomontage from an act of antiwar resistance into a formalized and widely disseminated political art in the Weimar Republic. Appearing on everything from campaign posters to book covers, the photomonteur’s notorious pictures challenged well-worn assumption and correspondingly walked a dangerous tightrope over the political, social, and cultural cauldron that was interwar Germany. Zervigón explains how Heartfield’s engagement with montage arose from a broadly-shared dissatisfaction with photography’s capacity to represent the modern world. The result was likely the most important combination of avant-garde art and politics in the twentieth century. A rare look at Heartfield’s early and middle years as an artist and designer, this book provides a new understanding of photography’s role at this critical juncture in history. (shrink)

Whereas ordinary legal documents are deployed as text documents for human consumption, AI & Law focuses on tackling the challenges surrounding the development of legal ontologies to assign meaning...

This article embarks on ethical trade-offs at the sustainability/finance interface by contrasting shareholders’ interest in short-term financial returns with society’s interest in counteracting ecological and social grievances. Scrutinizing share repurchases, we investigate a firm’s communicated sustainability orientation (i.e., its environmental and social value orientation) as well as its environmental and social sustainability performance. Our results are based on a large-scale panel dataset of 491 U.S. firms observed from 2004 to 2016. The dataset combines share buyback data with sustainability orientation scores (...) from shareholder letters and sustainability performance ratings. The econometric models suggest no association between social value orientation and repurchase volumes, but a significantly negative relationship between environmental value orientation and buybacks in a cubic form. Executive stock options partially attenuate this relationship. Share repurchases in turn negatively affect future environmental and social performance. This study grasps the consequences of firms’ short-term shareholder satisfaction and discusses its ethical implications in the context of firms’ contribution to sustainable development, thereby providing important insights to the business ethics discourse. (shrink)

The advance in Internet of Things technology has increased the opportunities for a healthcare system design, which is an urgent need owing to the growth in population among the older adults in many countries. This requires giving thought to the kind of innovative technological design methods that can find suitable solutions for home care. The application of Health Smart Homes by means of the technologies of the Internet of Things, can be used to support rehabilitation treatment and help the senior (...) citizens to understand the importance of taking measures to maintain a healthy standard of living that can meet their needs. The aim of this article is to develop and assess a design method for the following purposes: to determine and map out the physical and emotional state of the home care users, such as senior citizens; to implement a participatory design that includes the user within its social, psychological and therapeutic context; to explore the flexible method when applied to older users; to provide a way for the users to be “personalized” through a wide range of solutions that involve analyzing the behavioral patterns of different individuals in a standardized manner and to define a set of smart technologies for each problem and senior citizen. This article sets out a collaborative method called FlexPersonas, which is employed for the flexible mapping of users and to improve decision-making with the support of Internet of Things technologies. In this context, computing systems can identify the behavior of the user and issue warnings to the Carers about any abnormal event. Studies with an interdisciplinary team point out the potential and drawbacks of the method. (shrink)

On the surface, the world of fashion may seem like a utopia: the glamour, the ability to purchase confidence and performance, giving people the freedom of self-expression. However, many of us are masked from the dystopia that drives this industry. The business models of fast fashion often thrive on exploiting land and people, through supply chains that are as opaque as offshore banking scandals, with many middlemen and much finger- pointing. The way clothing is consumed is much like a subscription (...) model, with consumers paying low costs more frequently, rather than investing a large amount into a long-lasting garment. This all results in poor-quality and -performance clothing, excessive waste of... (shrink)

This interview seeks to highlight some of the main characteristics of the new pandemic world, besides the main contradictions the philosophical thought runs into in this difficult time. Between a political world which is unable to react and the scientific world which is usually moved by political aims, this work tries to understand if there is any room for a role of a long range philosophical thought, which is able to defend its clarity prerogatives but it is also able to (...) speak with other disciplines which seem increasingly deafer. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Paragrana Jahrgang: 23 Heft: 2 Seiten: 75-84.

This book presents a philosophical interpretation to numerical cognition based on dual process theories and heuristics. It shows how investigations in cognitive science can shed light on issues traditionally raised by philosophers of mathematics. The analysis will also help readers to better understand the relationship between current neuroscientific research and the philosophical reflection on mathematics. The author seeks to explain the acquisition of mathematical concepts. To accomplish this, he needs to answer two questions. How can the concepts of approximate numerosity (...) become an object of thought that is so accessible to our consciousness? How are these concepts refined and specified in such a way as to become numbers? Unfortunately, there is currently no model that can truly demonstrate the role of language in the development of numerical skills starting from approximate pre-verbal skills. However, the author details a solution to this problem: dual process theories. It is an approach widely used by theorists focusing on reasoning, decision making, social cognition, and consciousness. Here, he applies this approach to the studies on mathematical knowledge. He details the results brought about by psychological and neuroscientific studies conducted on numerical cognition by key neuroscientists. In the process, he develops the foundations of a new, potential philosophical explanation on mathematical knowledge. (shrink)

Porté par la pensée structurante de Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, ce livre rassemble un ensemble de textes tirés d'auteurs multiples.

En la medida en la que Spinoza no nombra explícitamente el mecanismo de la identificación éste suele ser confundido con la imitación de los afectos. Mientras que la imitación de los afectos, definida en la tercera parte de la Ética, es un mecanismo por el que los hombres sientes los afectos de los demás, sin por ello alienarse, la identificación es una forma de alienación voluntaria que consiste en apropiarse de las costumbres ajenas en detrimento de las propias. Este artículo (...) se propone delimitar el mecanismo de la identificación frente a la imitación y definir su funcionamiento. (shrink)

THE TWEET OF THE UNIVERSE. GRAVITATIONAL WAVES BETWEEN THEORY, EFFORTS AND MISTAKES The recent discovery of gravitational waves fills a substantial gap in the theory of general relativity, since these waves were the only phenomenon predicted by Einstein’s theory that had not yet been directly observed. This was mainly due to the fact that the passage of waves is an elusive phenomenon, almost imperceptible, up to the point that even Einstein thought that it was almost impossible to detect it using (...) “traditional” tools. This paper will explore the efforts made over the years to detect the passage of these waves, the mistakes made, and the recent results obtained through the use of the twin optical interferometers LIGO and VIRGO. This extraordinary discovery shows one more time that the history of science is full of trials, errors and sudden steps forward maybe due to the use of new technology. (shrink)